隨著全球氣候變化的日益加劇以及能源與環境問題的突出,碳中和成為各國追求可持續發展的重要目標。而作為碳排放的主要來源之一,有機固廢的資源化清潔利用技術成為了當前研究的熱點。通過清潔利用技術可以實現其高效轉化和綜合利用,為碳中和社會的建設做出積極貢獻。在此背景下,綜述了有機固廢熱轉化清潔利用技術的研究進展,包括農林生物質能源利用、市政污泥處理處置及生活垃圾清潔利用技術等方面,總結燃燒、熱解、氣化、水熱4種熱化學轉化技術的國內外研究進展與應用現狀,重點闡述了生物質、生活垃圾焚燒發電和熱解氣化多聯產技術以及污泥協同焚燒、熱解碳化等工藝。通過深入分析有機固廢處理處置的研究應用現狀,探討可行的高值化資源化轉化利用技術,提出有機固廢熱轉化的發展方向。進一步梳理了我國有機固廢處理處置相關政策文件,總結了有機固廢熱轉化利用過程中環境減排效益,提出了我國有機固廢熱轉化商業模式建議,旨在為推動我國城鄉有機固廢無害化、高值化、資源化清潔利用和工業應用提供參考。

With the escalation of worldwide climate change and the pressing issues surrounding energy and the environment, achieving carbon neutrality has emerged as a crucial objective for nations striving for sustainable development. Intensifying research efforts have centeredon the resource-based clean utilization technology of organic solid waste, recognized as a current focal point in research. Through the application of heat treatment conversion technology, it is possible to achieve efficient conversion and comprehensive utilization of organic solid waste, making significant contributions to the establishment of a carbon-neutral society. In this context, this article reviews the researchprogress of thermochemical conversion of organic solid waste, including the utilization of agricultural and forestry biomass for energy, municipal sludge treatment and disposal, as well as the clean utilization technology for municipal solid waste and summarized the domesticand foreign research progress and application status of combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal thermochemical conversiontechnology. The technologies of biomass and municipal solid waste incineration for power generation, integrated pyrolysis gasificationfor multiple products, co-incineration, and pyrolysis carbonization of sludge were mainly discussed. Through the in-depth analysis ofthe current research and application status of organic solid waste treatment and disposal, feasible high-value resource utilization technologies were discussed, and the development direction of organic solid waste heat conversion was proposed. Furthermore, relevant policy documents on the treatment and disposal of organic solid waste in China were outlined, and the environmental emission reduction benefits oforganic solid waste heat conversion utilization were summarized. Suggestions for commercial models of organic solid waste heat conversionin China were proposed, aiming to provide a reference for promoting the harmless, high-value, resourceful clean utilization and industrialapplication of organic solid waste in urban and rural areas in China.

0 引言

1 農林生物質熱轉化利用技術

   1.1 農林生物質燃燒發電技術

   1.2 農林生物質氣化聯產技術

   1.3 農林生物質熱解技術

   1.4 農林生物質水熱液化技術

2 生活垃圾清潔利用技術

   2.1 國內外垃圾焚燒發電狀況

   2.2 生活垃圾熱解氣化技術

   2.3 生活垃圾熱轉化新技術

3 市政污泥熱處理技術

   3.1 市政污泥干化技術

   3.2 市政污泥焚燒發電技術

   3.3 市政污泥熱解碳化技術

   3.4 市政污泥水熱碳化技術

   3.5 市政污泥氣化技術

4 有機固廢熱轉化利用可持續發展評價

   4.1 我國有機固廢處理處置相關政策

   4.2 有機固廢熱轉化利用環境減排效益分析

   4.3 有機固廢熱轉化商業模式建議

5 結語及展望